Citation:
Scott, V., Hamdan, A., & Salari, F. (2015, August 13). Doctors express concern over rising antibiotics resistance in Qatar. Doha News. https://www.dohanews.co/doctors-express-concern-over-rising-antibiotics-resistance-in-qatar/.
Summary:
This news article mentions that prescribing antibiotics unnecessarily or giving them to patients who fail to complete a course can cause some bacteria to become resistant to the medicines altogether. Qatar has established an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program to help ensure the drugs are only prescribed where clinically necessary.
Analysis:
Doha News has been a dependable source of information in and around Qatar since 2009, covering breaking news, politics, business, culture, and more. In this news story, Dr. Al-Soub is referenced in relation to antibiotic resistance and the alarm about how rapidly it is spreading. The fact that Dr. Al-Soub is a senior consultant at HMC's (Hamad Medical Corp) Infectious Diseases Unit, according to Doha News, proves his trustworthiness. That is how the ethos of Doha news is expressed. "Pharmacies selling antibiotics and other prescriptions without a prescription have been temporarily shut down by Qatari authorities." This line refers the reader to another website to establish the content's accuracy. In addition, Doha News reports on how HMC (Hamad Medical Corp) is managing the situation under the new overseas section. "The entity has also developed an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program to ensure the medications are only provided where clinically necessary," according to the statement, which is the course of action they intend to take. The news item does, however, include new research that revealed the program's efficacy was being hampered by a shortage of infectious disease specialists and sufficient training of healthcare personnel in the nation.
Citation:
Hyun, D. (2017, June 30). Why Doctors Prescribe Antibiotics—Even When They Shouldn't. The Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2017/06/30/why-doctors-prescribe-antibiotics-even-when-they-shouldnt
Summary:
This article talks about how Busy doctors may be more likely to over-prescribe antibiotics because they are overwhelmed by the number of patients they are seeing. Some researchers have already started integrating behavioral science techniques into antibiotic stewardship strategies. Physicians are influenced by several factors like pressure, Time, and diagnosing symptoms, including their interactions with patients and the uncertainties surrounding medical decision-making.
Analysis:
David Hyun, M.D., who worked on the antibiotics project and was a practicing physician at Children's National Medical Center, where he founded and co-chaired the antibiotic stewardship program, wrote this essay for the Pew-trusts organization, a well-known charitable organization in the United States. The website provided all of this information by offering a clickable link to discover more about the author to develop confidence between the reader and the author. The research was also conducted in 2017, making it a relatively recent study. This article uses statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The Pew Charitable Trusts to show how many doctors are overprescribing antibiotics to patients, claiming that "nearly one in every three antibiotics prescribed at outpatient facilities—including physician's offices, emergency departments, and hospital-based outpatient clinics—is unnecessary, amounting to 47 million prescriptions a year." So, why are doctors overprescribing antibiotics to their patients, according to this statement? Then, using statistics and facts once more, another study was undertaken to show how understanding why doctors use antibiotics unnecessarily may help the program succeed. According to the study, "physicians whose offices displayed a "commitment poster" explaining their pledge to follow guidelines for appropriate antibiotic prescribing and why the drugs are not always needed had a 20% lower rate of inappropriate prescribing than those whose offices did not display a poster had a 20% lower rate of inappropriate prescribing than those whose offices did not display a poster." This research backs up the organization's report that understanding why doctors provide antibiotics incorrectly can increase the program's effectiveness. As a result, it is more trustworthy, which would help me include it in my research, go into further detail, and provide real-life examples of why doctors are overprescribing antibiotics.
Citation:
Sharaf, N., Al-Jayyousi, G. F., Radwan, E., Shams Eldin, S. M. E., Hamdani, D., Al-Katheeri, H., Elawad, K., & Habib Sair, A. (2021). Barriers of Appropriate Antibiotic Prescription at PHCC in Qatar: Perspective of Physicians and Pharmacists. Antibiotics, 10(3), 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030317
Summary:
This scholarly article talks about The NAP (National Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)), Qatar's Ministry of Public Health prepared. Antimicrobial prescribing and usage is one of the primary elements determining AMR. The findings will aid in the development and testing of behavior modification interventions to maximize proper antibiotic prescription and usage, which will aid in implementing the antibiotic stewardship program.
Analysis:
This research is an academic piece; thus, it is trustworthy since it has been peer-reviewed numerous times. Furthermore, the article contains the names of the reputable departments that participated in this study to further demonstrate the academic paper's ethos. like the Department of Strategic Planning and Performance, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Preventative Health—Health Protection, Primary Healthcare Corporation, Doha, and Operations—Clinical Operations, Primary Healthcare Doha are just a few examples,The fact that those departments and this study were done in Qatar, as well as all of the material acquired, lends credibility to them. Because the issue is antibiotic resistance in Qatar, thus making this source much more credible. To add to its legitimacy, this scientific work was released in 2021, making it recent and up to date with its study. Because it is a research that depends on facts, figures, and numbers, this scientific piece has a lot of logos and little pathos. When asked about the AB prescription requirements in Qatar, for example, "physicians (75 percent) stated that antibiotics are now required to be administered in both the public and private sectors; however, there are no limits on when to prescribe." This statement demonstrates that antibiotics may be provided at any moment, even if they are not required, and this statement included figures from physicians who believe this. Additionally, the study conducted in this scholarly article will aid me in my arguments because it employs a large number of logos, which encourages the reader to believe the information presented.
Citation:
(1) Aster DMH Qatar. (2019, November 19). Aster DMH Qatar - #LetsTalk | Antibiotic Resistance by Dr.... Facebook. Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/AsterDMHQatar/posts/3409932759046840
(2) Doha News. (2014, May 19). Doha News on Twitter: "Qatar doctor: Antibiotic overuse spurring new drug-resistant bacteria. Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://mobile.twitter.com/dohanews/status/468379819328434176
(3) Doha news. (2015, August 13). Doha News on Twitter: "Doctors express concern over rising antibiotics resistance in Qatar..Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://twitter.com/dohanews/status/631769078886088704
(4) Doha news. (2015, 8 13). Qatar's healthcare providers must do more to counter an increase in antibiotic resistance in the country, doctors at Hamad Medical Corp. (HMC) have said... Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dohanews/posts/qatars-healthcare-providers-must-do-more-to-counter-an-increase-in-antibiotic-re/10153071262788683/
(2) Doha News. (2014, May 19). Doha News on Twitter: "Qatar doctor: Antibiotic overuse spurring new drug-resistant bacteria. Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://mobile.twitter.com/dohanews/status/468379819328434176
(3) Doha news. (2015, August 13). Doha News on Twitter: "Doctors express concern over rising antibiotics resistance in Qatar..Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://twitter.com/dohanews/status/631769078886088704
(4) Doha news. (2015, 8 13). Qatar's healthcare providers must do more to counter an increase in antibiotic resistance in the country, doctors at Hamad Medical Corp. (HMC) have said... Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dohanews/posts/qatars-healthcare-providers-must-do-more-to-counter-an-increase-in-antibiotic-re/10153071262788683/
Summary:
The thoughts of Qataris on antibiotic resistance are expressed in these social media posts. There are also instructive tweets and videos regarding antibiotic resistance to increase awareness about the situation.
Analysis:
The first Facebook post is a video intended to raise awareness about antibiotic resistance among Qataris. This post's ethos is demonstrated by the fact that this interview was conducted by Dr.Anoop Sinha, who is a Specialist Microbiologist and Infection Control Officer at Aster DM Healthcare in Qatar. This information strengthens the reliability and trustworthiness of the interview. Furthermore, we can see that the post has over 300 likes and more than 50 shares, as well as some positive comments like 'excellent' by Zakir and an emoji of a person applauding by Tirtha, which was put beneath the article. This demonstrates that individuals appreciated the interview and found it to be interesting. Furthermore, this post was published in late 2019, indicating that individuals are still concerned about this issue.
The second and third posts were both about an article that was shared on Twitter about antibiotic overuse and how it is causing resistant bacteria, as well as doctors' concerns about the issue, but what made those posts unique was the response to them, which were requesting a full report on the problem and how it is an issue that must be addressed. On the other hand, other responses were furious and sarcastic, with one saying, "Well, when health clinics nationwide start handing them out like candy,, you'd expect something like this to happen." 'Duh!' said another. Should that come as a surprise? Worlds most incompetent doctors end up in Qatar. Give out Antibiotics for any small ailment!' These responses demonstrate how concerned individuals are about the issue and how outraged they are about the way antibiotics are administered. Many people responded to the last post, blaming physicians and expressing their ideas and experiences. 'Not surprising. Doctors dish it out like confetti,' as one commenter put it, and the comment received 11 likes.
Another commenter gave their thoughts on the topic and their feelings regarding the article attached to the post. "I love the line "... more education for doctors.." Sorry, but how did they (a) get to be a qualified physician in the first place - this is not a new issue anywhere in the world, and (b) how did they get hired by Hamad (or any private clinic for that matter)? I went to the clinic a few months ago, knowing my condition didn't require antibiotics but fully expecting to get a prescription for some (which I would not have filled). I was pleasantly surprised the physician did not prescribe antibiotics, and explained why - although I must say, she seemed a little nervous that I might be one of those patients who demand some anyways." as it was written. This tale demonstrates how little people trust today's physicians, as one remark stated that they were startled when the doctors did not prescribe antibiotics. Also, this statement revealed one of the main reasons why some doctors give out medicines: the doctor was nervous that the patient would demand antibiotics. This demonstrates that doctors are sometimes under pressure to prescribe antibiotics.
The second and third posts were both about an article that was shared on Twitter about antibiotic overuse and how it is causing resistant bacteria, as well as doctors' concerns about the issue, but what made those posts unique was the response to them, which were requesting a full report on the problem and how it is an issue that must be addressed. On the other hand, other responses were furious and sarcastic, with one saying, "Well, when health clinics nationwide start handing them out like candy,, you'd expect something like this to happen." 'Duh!' said another. Should that come as a surprise? Worlds most incompetent doctors end up in Qatar. Give out Antibiotics for any small ailment!' These responses demonstrate how concerned individuals are about the issue and how outraged they are about the way antibiotics are administered. Many people responded to the last post, blaming physicians and expressing their ideas and experiences. 'Not surprising. Doctors dish it out like confetti,' as one commenter put it, and the comment received 11 likes.
Another commenter gave their thoughts on the topic and their feelings regarding the article attached to the post. "I love the line "... more education for doctors.." Sorry, but how did they (a) get to be a qualified physician in the first place - this is not a new issue anywhere in the world, and (b) how did they get hired by Hamad (or any private clinic for that matter)? I went to the clinic a few months ago, knowing my condition didn't require antibiotics but fully expecting to get a prescription for some (which I would not have filled). I was pleasantly surprised the physician did not prescribe antibiotics, and explained why - although I must say, she seemed a little nervous that I might be one of those patients who demand some anyways." as it was written. This tale demonstrates how little people trust today's physicians, as one remark stated that they were startled when the doctors did not prescribe antibiotics. Also, this statement revealed one of the main reasons why some doctors give out medicines: the doctor was nervous that the patient would demand antibiotics. This demonstrates that doctors are sometimes under pressure to prescribe antibiotics.
Synthesis :
The majority of these publications discuss how peer pressure can lead to the administration or use of antibiotics, resulting in antibiotic resistance. For instance, doctors may be under pressure from patients, or patients may be under pressure from family members. I also came upon a news story concerning antibiotic resistance and its goal of educating people about the issue. This news story was useful in my study since it included comments and replies from people regarding how they felt about antibiotic resistance as well as general basic information said by a doctor who works in HMC (Hamad Medical Corp) about antibiotics resistance and what it can do to the body. Furthermore, I have included an organization that discusses why physicians prescribe antibiotics. This article was quite helpful in my study since it demonstrated the central problem of antibiotic resistance and assisted me with both my assertion and the opposing viewpoint. Finally, I have included more than one point of view on this topic, as well as how others reacted to the posts. These viewpoints aided me in determining how the people in Qatar reacted to the problem and whether it was a source of concern for them. In addition, I have discovered various anecdotes and experiences in these replies and comments that will aid me in my study and use as proof to support the reasons that I discovered in the scientific publications.
Moreover, these sources are linked by the fact that they all discuss antibiotic misuse. Whether it is why doctors overprescribe drugs or why people desire them, as well as the health consequences. The fact that they all focus on a distinct approach to antibiotic misuse is what separates these resources. For example, the first source concentrates on the adverse effects of antibiotics on the body, whereas the second source focuses on why doctors overprescribe antibiotics. Despite the fact that they are both concerned with antibiotic resistance, their approaches to the problem are vastly different. The similarities between the sources allow me to connect them in my research argument, while the differences let me dig further into the subject of antibiotic resistance since I get to view it from many perspectives and approaches.
Moreover, these sources are linked by the fact that they all discuss antibiotic misuse. Whether it is why doctors overprescribe drugs or why people desire them, as well as the health consequences. The fact that they all focus on a distinct approach to antibiotic misuse is what separates these resources. For example, the first source concentrates on the adverse effects of antibiotics on the body, whereas the second source focuses on why doctors overprescribe antibiotics. Despite the fact that they are both concerned with antibiotic resistance, their approaches to the problem are vastly different. The similarities between the sources allow me to connect them in my research argument, while the differences let me dig further into the subject of antibiotic resistance since I get to view it from many perspectives and approaches.