Citation:
Scott, V., Hamdan, A., & Salari, F. (2015, August 13). Doctors express concern over rising antibiotics resistance in Qatar. Doha News. https://www.dohanews.co/doctors-express-concern-over-rising-antibiotics-resistance-in-qatar/.
Summary:
This news article mentions that Prescribing antibiotics unnecessarily or giving them to patients who fail to complete a course can cause some bacteria to become resistant to the medicines all together. Qatar has established an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program to help ensure the drugs are only prescribed where clinically necessary.
Analysis:
Doha News has been a dependable source of information in and around Qatar since 2009, covering breaking news, politics, business, culture, and more. In this news story, Dr. Al-Soub is referenced in relation to antibiotic resistance and the alarm about how rapidly it is spreading. The fact that Dr. Al-Soub is a senior consultant at HMC's (Hamad Medical Corp) Infectious Diseases Unit, according to Doha news, proves his trustworthiness. That is how the ethos of Doha news is expressed. ' Pharmacies selling antibiotics and other prescriptions without a prescription have been temporarily shut down by Qatari authorities. This line refers the reader to another website to establish the content's accuracy.In addition, Doha News reports on how HMC (Hamad Medical Corp) is managing the situation under the new overseas section. 'The entity has also developed an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program to ensure the medications are only provided where clinically necessary,' according to the statement, which is the course of action they intend to take. The news item does, however, include new research that revealed the program's efficacy was being hampered by a shortage of infectious disease specialists and sufficient training of healthcare personnel in the nation.
Citation:
Hyun, D. (2017, June 30). Why Doctors Prescribe Antibiotics—Even When They Shouldn't. The Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2017/06/30/why-doctors-prescribe-antibiotics-even-when-they-shouldnt
Summary:
This article talks about how Busy doctors may be more likely to over-prescribe antibiotics because they are overwhelmed by the number of patients they are seeing. Some researchers have already started integrating behavioral science techniques into antibiotic stewardship strategies. Physicians are influenced by several factors, including their interactions with patients and the uncertainties surrounding medical decision-making.
Analysis:
The Pew-trusts organization is a well-known site, with over 30 thousand Facebook fans and a 4.3-star rating. Between 1948 and 1979, two sons and two daughters of Sun Oil Company founder Joseph N. Pew and his wife, Mary Anderson Pew, founded the Pew-Trust organization. This information was gathered from the web site's mission and values section, making it a reliable source of information. This article uses logos to show how many doctors are overprescribing antibiotics to patients by including research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The Pew Charitable Trusts, which states that 'nearly 1 in 3 antibiotics prescribed at outpatient facilities—including physician's offices, emergency departments, and hospital-based outpatient clinics—is unnecessary, amounting to 47 million prescriptions a year'. So this statement poses the question of why doctors are over-prescribing antibiotics to patients? This article mentions many reasons why they are over-prescribing antibiotics to patients. It has four main reasons: patient satisfaction and pleasure, time constraints, decision fatigue, uncertain diagnoses, and assuming that other doctors are the problem. The organization goes into great detail to describe each cause, emphasizing how vital it is to understand the underlying behavioral reasons that lead to incorrect antibiotic administration so that effective antibiotic stewardship may be developed. Then, using logos, another research was conducted to demonstrate how knowing why doctors administer antibiotics needlessly might improve the program's success. 'Physicians whose offices displayed a "commitment poster" explaining their pledge to follow guidelines for appropriate antibiotic prescribing and why the drugs are not always needed had a 20% lower rate of inappropriate prescribing than those whose offices did not display a poster,' according to the study. This study backs up the organization's contention that knowing why doctors administer antibiotics erroneously can improve the program's efficacy.As a result, it is more dependable.
Furthermore, the organization adds after the post that this essay was written by David Hyun, M.D., who works on the antibiotics project and was a practicing physician at Children's National Medical Center, where he founded and co-chaired the antibiotic stewardship program. The website gave all of this information by providing a clickable link to learn more about the author in order to build trust between the reader and the author. Furthermore, the research was completed in 2017, making it a pretty recent study.
Citation:
Sharaf, N., Al-Jayyousi, G. F., Radwan, E., Shams Eldin, S. M. E., Hamdani, D., Al-Katheeri, H., Elawad, K., & Habib Sair, A. (2021). Barriers of Appropriate Antibiotic Prescription at PHCC in Qatar: Perspective of Physicians and Pharmacists. Antibiotics, 10(3), 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030317
Summary:
This scholarly article talks about The NAP (National Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)), Qatar's Ministry of Public Health prepared. Antimicrobial prescribing and usage is one of the primary elements determining AMR. Data was gathered from 50 people from two PHCCs: 30 doctors and 20 pharmacists. The findings will aid in the development and testing of behavior modification interventions to maximize proper antibiotic prescription and usage, which will aid in implementing the antibiotic stewardship program.
Analysis:
This research is an academic piece; thus, it is trustworthy since it has been peer-reviewed numerous times. Furthermore, this post was created by more than three people, making it more trustworthy because more people from other departments contributed knowledge concerning the effects of antibiotic resistance and the fears that it is spreading. Furthermore, the article contains the names of the reputable departments that participated in this study to further demonstrate the academic paper's ethos. Department of Strategic Planning and Performance, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Preventative Health—Health Protection, Primary Healthcare Corporation, Doha, and Operations—Clinical Operations, Primary Healthcare Doha are just a few examples. The fact that those departments and this study were done in Qatar, as well as all of the material acquired, lends credibility to them. Because the issue is antibiotic resistance in Qatar, thus making this source much more credible. To add to its legitimacy, this scientific work was released in 2021, making it relatively recent and up to date with its study. Because it is a research that depends on facts, figures, and numbers, this scientific piece has a lot of logos and little pathos. When asked about the AB prescription requirements in Qatar, for example, 'physicians (75 percent) stated that antibiotics are now required to be administered in both the public and private sectors; however, there are no limits on when to prescribe.' This statement demonstrates that antibiotics may be provided at any moment, even if they are not required, and this statement included figures from physicians who believe this.Additionally, the study conducted in this scholarly article will aid me in my arguments because it employs a large number of logos, which encourages the reader to believe the information presented.
Citation:
Bagnulo, A., Muñoz Sastre, MT., Kpanake, L. et al. Why patients want to take or refuse to take antibiotics: an inventory of motives. BMC Public Health 19, 441 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6834-x
Summary:
This research essay explains why individuals insist on taking antibiotics even when they are not required to do so and whether there is any psychology behind why they are so reliant on antibiotics.
Analysis:
This study on why people persist in taking antibiotics is based on a scholastic piece published in 2019, making it a recent study that adds to its credibility. Furthermore, this study looked at why people take antibiotics or do not take antibiotics. It also incorporated logos that computed the outcomes of why patients insist on taking antibiotics, which added legitimacy to the study. The major two causes are when patients are convinced by their physicians that antibiotics would lessen their physical discomfort or when patients are reassured that using antibiotics will allow them to complete a task more swiftly.This scholarly study will aid me in my argument and answer to the topic of why individuals insist on taking antibiotics, and I will be able to integrate it into my argument because of the reliable data and outcomes provided by this study.
Citation:
(1) Aster DMH Qatar. (2019, November 19). Aster DMH Qatar - #LetsTalk | Antibiotic Resistance by Dr.... Facebook. Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/AsterDMHQatar/posts/3409932759046840
(2) Doha News. (2014, May 19). Doha News on Twitter: "Qatar doctor: Antibiotic overuse spurring new drug-resistant bacteria http://t.co/DvyFLWRfJM http://t.co/LCcM3ojckX". Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://mobile.twitter.com/dohanews/status/468379819328434176
(3) Doha news. (2015, August 13). Doha News on Twitter: "Doctors express concern over rising antibiotics resistance in Qatar http://t.co/CN6WfUauc9 http://t.co/w5l79AseOl". Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://twitter.com/dohanews/status/631769078886088704
(4) Doha news. (2015, 8 13). Qatar's healthcare providers must do more to counter an increase in antibiotic resistance in the country, doctors at Hamad Medical Corp. (HMC) have said... Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dohanews/posts/qatars-healthcare-providers-must-do-more-to-counter-an-increase-in-antibiotic-re/10153071262788683/
(2) Doha News. (2014, May 19). Doha News on Twitter: "Qatar doctor: Antibiotic overuse spurring new drug-resistant bacteria http://t.co/DvyFLWRfJM http://t.co/LCcM3ojckX". Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://mobile.twitter.com/dohanews/status/468379819328434176
(3) Doha news. (2015, August 13). Doha News on Twitter: "Doctors express concern over rising antibiotics resistance in Qatar http://t.co/CN6WfUauc9 http://t.co/w5l79AseOl". Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://twitter.com/dohanews/status/631769078886088704
(4) Doha news. (2015, 8 13). Qatar's healthcare providers must do more to counter an increase in antibiotic resistance in the country, doctors at Hamad Medical Corp. (HMC) have said... Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dohanews/posts/qatars-healthcare-providers-must-do-more-to-counter-an-increase-in-antibiotic-re/10153071262788683/
Summary:
The thoughts of Qataris on antibiotic resistance are expressed in these social media posts. There are also instructive tweets and videos regarding antibiotic resistance to increase awareness about the situation.
Analysis:
Synthesis :